Gentian Violet
Basic Violet 3
CAS: 548-62-9
Molecular Formula: C25H30ClN3
Gentian Violet - Names and Identifiers
Gentian Violet - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C25H30ClN3 |
| Molar Mass | 407.99 |
| Density | 1.19 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Melting Point | 205 °C (dec.) (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 560.86°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 40°C |
| Water Solubility | 16 g/L (25 ºC) |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water and ether, soluble in ethanol and chloroform. |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| Appearance | Dark green powder |
| Color | S. No.: 785 |
| Odor | Slight characteristic odor |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['590nm'] |
| Merck | 14,4395 |
| BRN | 4077708 |
| pKa | 9.4(at 25℃) |
| PH | 2.5-3.5 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | room temp |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Light-sensitive. Combustible. |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to light |
| Refractive Index | 1.6010 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00011750 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | melting point 215°C |
| Use | Used as a biological stain |
Gentian Violet - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R45 - May cause cancer R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R22 - Harmful if swallowed R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R34 - Causes burns R10 - Flammable R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R23/25 - Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects |
| Safety Description | S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S22 - Do not breathe dust. |
| UN IDs | UN 3077 9/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | BO9000000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 32041300 |
| Hazard Class | 9 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice, rats: 1.2, 1.0 g/kg (Hodge) |
Gentian Violet - Introduction
Soluble in alcohol, soluble in chloroform, soluble in water, insoluble in ether, soluble in water is purple, easily soluble in alcohol is purple. It is red and yellow (orange) in concentrated sulfuric acid, dark green yellow to blue to purple after dilution, and olive in concentrated nitric acid. Add sodium hydroxide to its aqueous solution to form a purple precipitate; add hydrochloric acid to turn blue. It belongs to triphenylmethane basic dyes. 1g dissolved in 10ml ethanol and 15ml glycerol. Solubility: 16g/L water (25°C),1G/10 ML alcohol, 1G/15 ML glycerol.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:26:13
Gentian Violet - Composition
is a mixture of tetramethylpararosaniline chloride, pentamethylpararosaniline chloride and hexamethylpararosaniline chloride. Methylrosaniline Chloride Solution for its ethanol, aqueous solution of 1% solution.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Potential carcinogenic effect
- U. S. Toxicologists through animal tests on rats, mice, found that methylene blue is a dose-related carcinogen, can cause rodents appear liver cancer, some adenoma and sarcoma, in vitro cell test also confirmed that the mutation and chromosome breakage. However, the results of animal experiments are based on the long-term oral intake of Methyl violet, which can last for 1 to 2 years. If the normal skin for external use, the dose is very low, it is difficult to enter the body. Therefore, in Europe and the United States, it is strictly prohibited to mix with animal feed (the effect of Methyl violet on the control of intestinal parasites), and it is not allowed to be taken orally, but it is not completely prohibited for external use in dermatology.
- at present, there is no adverse reaction monitoring report of Methyl violet cancer in China, and there is no international report of such cases. Although Methylrosaniline Chloride Solution has been rarely used in current clinical practice, World Health Organization (WHO) still exists as a topical disinfectant in various countries and in Methylrosaniline Chloride Solution of drug lists.
- in use, in order to avoid the body intake of Methylrosaniline Chloride Solution, should avoid long-term, large dose and large area use.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Nature
form powder
Stable, but light and air sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
CAS DataBase 603-48-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemical substance Information P,p',p''-methyllidynetris (n,n-dimethylaniline)(603-48-5)
EPA chemical substance information Benzenamine, 4,4 ',4'-methyldynetris [N,N-dimethyl-(603-48-5)
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Indication
It is used for purulent infection of skin and mucous membrane, stomatitis caused by Candida albicans, and also used for scald, burn, etc.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Usage and dosage
external use. Treatment of mucosal infection, with 1% aqueous solution, 2~3 times a day; For burns, burns, with 0.1% ~ 1% aqueous solution.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Adverse reactions
- irritation to mucous membranes, which may cause contact dermatitis.
- facial ulcerative lesions should be used with caution, otherwise it can lead to skin staining.
- treatment of thrush, only in the affected area of the drug, such as the solution to swallow, can lead to esophagitis, laryngitis.
- the package should not be sealed after drug application.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Precautions
- it should not be used when there is a large area of damage. Also should not be used for a long time.
- Breast Site Administration in lactating women requires prevention of oral inhalation in infants.
- in the treatment of oral candidiasis in infants, the face of the infant should be temporarily lowered after the application of the drug to avoid the possibility of swallowing the drug.
- experimental reports show that the animal systemic absorption of Methyl violet can cause cancer, some countries provide that this product can only be due to local undamaged skin, is strictly prohibited. However, at present, there is no monitoring report on the adverse reaction of Methyl violet causing cancer in China.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Instructions for Use
- gentian violet should not be reused if the wound has been purulent during topical treatment. Because gentian violet can make the wound surface on a layer of scab, look dry and clean, but dry hard under the bacteria in reproduction. Under the protection of the scab skin, the bacteria may continue to spread, but the disease is aggravated by the deep invasion. Therefore, purulent wounds do not use gentian purple, and should ask the doctor to clean the wound, take comprehensive treatment measures.
- the use of gentian violet should also be noted that the storage is too long to precipitate a large amount of precipitation, purple solution becomes light, that is, should not be used again.
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
Gentian Violet - Reference Information
| color index | 42555 |
| pH indicator color change ph range | 0.8(yellow)-2.6(blue/violet) |
| biological applications | Detecting microorganisms; treating atopic dermatitis,dermatological diseases,28,skin wounds,lesions,hemorrhoids,1,multiple myeloma,Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,breast cancer,neurodegenerative diseases,onychomycosis; Wound dressing |
| main applications | Photoresists, lithographic printing plate, printed circuit board, inks, hair eyes, shampoo, drug screening method, bone preparation method, microorganisms, hemorrhoids, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial agent, dental application |
| LogP | 1.172 at 25℃ |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | crystal violet is also called gentian violet and alkaline violet 3. it is also called methyl green, neutral red, methylene blue, safranine, hematoxylin, malachite green, methyl violet and alkaline fuchsin, which are commonly used synthetic basic dyes at present. the dye index number CIBasic Violet 3 (42555) and belong to triaminotriphenylmethane compounds, the appearance is dark green powder or flake crystals with bronze luster. The commercial product is a mixture of 4. 5. hexamethyl alkaline parabuchsin hydrochloride, and the content of hexamethyl derivatives is not less than 96%. crystal violet industrial products are called alkaline violet 5BN and alkaline elitides, which are mainly used for dyeing silk, acrylic fiber, hemp, paper and leather, as well as pigments, printing oil and inks. |
| use | as acid-base indicator, pH color change range 0.1 (green) to 2.0 (blue). In analytical chemistry, it is used as a non-aqueous titration indicator, biological stain, color developer in colorimetric determination, and also used to verify thallium, zinc, antimony, titanium, cadmium, tungsten, gold, and mercury plasma. Crystal violet is also an important dye in bacterial Gram dyeing. It can be used as a dye for silk, paper, acrylic fiber, etc. Its chloride solubility in water is 1.68% and its solubility in 95% ethanol is 13.87%. The solubility of iodide in the two solvents is 0.035% and 1.78% respectively. The reagent for mixing crystal violet chloride and iodide is called gentian violet. The commonly used dyes for bacterial staining specimens are alkaline redness, crystal violet, methylene blue, etc. It is mainly used to make ink, carbon paper, gentian violet, etc. It can also be used for dyeing cotton, acrylic fiber, silk, paper, leather and grass products. It can also make lake It can be used for dyeing and can also be made into lake. In medicine, it is used as a dermatological antiseptic. |
| synthetic basic dyes | artificial dyes can be divided into basic, acidic and neutral dyes according to their main chemical components. Its acid and basicity do not refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions, but refer to whether the main dyeing group of the dye is a cation or an anion. If the chromogenic group of the dye is a cation, the dye is a basic dye. If the chromogenic group of the dye is anion, the dye is an acid dye. For example, the solution of crystal violet of the basic dye is acidic, while eosin is an acid dye, and its solution is alkaline. The dye solution of the basic dye neutral red is a neutral reaction. |
| apply | crystal violet as acid-base indicator, pH 0.5 (green)-2.0 (blue). Non-aqueous titration indicator, photometric determination of arsenic, gold, boron, iridium, silicon, tantalum, technetium, antimony and thallium, etc., preparation of crystal violet staining solution in bacterial serum test, plant protection test staining. Dark green glitter powder or granular. Calibration instruments and devices; evaluation methods; working standards; quality assurance/quality control; other. Basic purple 5BN can be used for dyeing silk, cotton, hemp, acrylic fiber, but the firmness is poor, so the application has been less. It can be made into a lake, used to make painting pigments, printing oil, ink, color pencils, etc., and can also be used for dyeing leather, paper, and grass products. It is the main raw material of gentian purple (purple potion) in the pharmaceutical industry. |
| production method | using N,N-dimethylaniline as raw material, it is obtained by oxidation and condensation in the presence of copper sulfate, phenol and salt, and then it is obtained by refining steps such as alkaline conversion, acid conversion, salting-out, and the finished product is obtained by filtration and drying. Alkaline violet 5BN can also be synthesized by the route of Mie ketone, that is: 76mL of water, 8g of anhydrous copper sulfate, 2.4g of phenol, 11.7g of salt and additives (the additives are surfactants or emulsifiers) are added to the reactor. The optimal feeding ratio (mass ratio) for oxidation condensation reaction is 35mL of N,N-dimethylaniline: copper sulfate: phenol: sodium chlorate: additive = 1:0.25:0.125:0.3:0.07) solution (5%) and 24.2gN,N-dimethylaniline, the temperature is raised to 60 ℃, the temperature is kept at 70 ℃ for 3 hours, and 100mL of sodium chlorate solution (containing NaClO36.4 g) is slowly added dropwise, add it within 4 hours and continue the reaction 1.5h. Cool, let stand, pour out the supernatant, the lower solid is the oxidation condensation product, and grind it for later use. 300mL of water and 20.5mL of sodium hydroxide solution (30%) are added into the reactor, and the oxidation condensation product is added under stirring. Slowly raise the temperature to 40 ℃, then uniformly raise the temperature to 80 ℃ within 3h, then raise the temperature to 90 ℃ within 1h, and keep the temperature at 95 ℃ for 0.5h. Then add water to the total volume of 800mL, add sodium sulfide solution (10%) dropwise at 60-70 ℃, and continue the reaction for 1.5h. Cool, filter, wash to pH = 8-9, filter cake for later use. Add 50mL of water and 3mL of sulfuric acid (65%) into the reactor, add the above filter cake under stirring, raise the temperature to 90-100 ℃ for 40min, filter while hot, and wash the filter cake with hot water. Merge the filtrate and washing liquid, evaporate and concentrate at 60 ℃ to about 50mL, cool, salted out, let stand, pour out the clear liquid, and the solid is dried to obtain the dye product. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 420 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 96 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | skin-human 3 mg/3 days mild |
| flammability hazard characteristics | combustible; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides and chloride smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from food raw materials |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
Gentian Violet - Pharmacological action
methyl violet belongs to the triphenylmethane dye disinfectant, and the microbial enzyme system is competitive with the hydrogen ion, so that the enzyme becomes an inactive oxidation state, thereby exerting a bactericidal effect. Mainly for Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, diphtheria bacillus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, epidermal ringworm has a killing effect, almost no effect on other gram-negative bacteria and acid-fast bacteria.
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
Gentian Violet - Introduction
gentian violet is a triphenylmethane dye. Used for histological staining, also in the Gram stain test to distinguish between different classes of bacteria. It has antibacterial, antifungal, and insect repellent properties, and thus has been used as an external fungicide in its early years. The 1% ~ 2% solution commonly known as the purple, is familiar with the external use of drugs. The term gentian violet was originally used to refer to a mixture of methyl-on-rose aniline dyes, but is now mostly regarded as a synonym for crystal violet.
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:48:19
Gentian Violet - Artificial dyes
that is, aniline dyes or coal tar dyes, many types, a wide range of applications. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to fade by sunlight, aniline blue, bright green, methyl green and so on. In the production of attention to grasp the pH, and to avoid direct sunlight, but also after several years does not fade.
Crystal violet (English Crystal violet) is a basic dye, soluble in water (solubility 9%) and alcohol (solubility 8.75%). Crystal violet is widely used in cytology, histology and bacteriology. It is an excellent stain. It is commonly used in nuclear staining, used to show the centrosome of chromosomes, and can be stained with starch, fibrin, glia and so on. Good results can be obtained when staining the cell nucleus with red and hematoxylin or other dyes is unsuccessful. With the double staining of the chromosome with red and crystal violet, the chromosome is stained red, the spindle silk is stained purple, so it is also a good stain to show cell division. With crystal violet dyeing cilia, the effect is also very good. Crystal violet stained sections, the disadvantage is not easy to long-term preservation.
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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